Abstract
The paper discusses the concept of bildung, its relation to the concept of competence and the implications of these concepts for evaluation and assesment of education and learning. The paper relates to ongoing debates among Danish educationalists, especially during the last decade. It is argued that the humanist tradition of bildung draws on important ideas about freedom and community, but that it is also rooted in bourgeois elite culture. It is further argued that the concept of competence, which does not have this cultural bias, may be a viable alternative to the concept of bildung.