Research
Life cycle assessment and eco-efficiency of a water resource recovery facility
Abstract
Our study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) and eco-efficiency evaluation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as a planning tool for the conversion to a full-scale water resource recovery facility (WRRF) in Copenhagen, Denmark. The results identified hot spots to be addressed in the forthcoming recovery of energy, nutrients, materials for building construction, and production of biological fertiliser. The LCA results of 2017 compared to 2016 showed a reduction of environmental impacts due to increased exports of electricity and biogas. As such, the conversion to a WRRF will be based on a very energy efficient WWTP benchmark.