Abstract
Energy policy and CO2 reduction targets on the municipal level play a significant role in the national and global CO2 reduction efforts. In 2009 Sønderborg, a municipality located in southern Denmark, set the target of becoming CO2-neutral by 2029 and developed a plan to achieve the target. This study aims at comparing alternative pathways for achieving a lowcarbon energy system in Sønderborg, where novel energy conversion technologies such as large-scale heat pumps, biogas production, thermal gasification, electrolysis, biogas methanation and transport fuel synthesis are investigated.